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Identifying Similarities and Differences
from Classroom Instruction that
Works Robert J. Marzano, Debra, J . Pickering, Jane
E. Pollock, MCREL, 2001.
Summary of Research on Identifying
Similarities and Differences
- Guidance in identifying similarities and differences enhances
students' understanding of and ability to use knowledge.
- Independently identifying similarities and
differences enhances students' understanding of and the ability to use
knowledge.
- Representing similarities and differences in
graphic or
symbolic form enhances students' understanding of and ability to use
knowledge.
- Identififying similarities and differences
can be
accomplished in a variety of ways: comparing, classifying, creating
metaphors, and creating analogies.
Classroom Practice in Identifying
Similarities and Differences
-
The key to effectove comparison is the identification of important characteristics.
- Organizing elements into
groups based on their similarities is the basis of classifying.
- The
key to constructing a metaphor is to realize that the two items in the
metaphor are connected by an abstract or nonliteral relationship.
- Analogies
help us see how seemingly dissimilar things are similar, increasing our
understanding of new information. The typical use a "blank is to blank"
as "blank is to blank" type of
comparison but can also be diagramed.
Technology
Resources
Title: Graphic Organizers
Grade Level(s):
Curricular Area(s):
Description: Web sites with electronic templates.
Resources (Files, Websites,
etc.):
Title: Cause and Effect - one cause, many effects
Grade Level(s):
Curricular Area(s):
Description: advance organizer
Resources (Files, Websites,
etc.): Word file
Software Applications
Title: Microsoft
PowerPoint
Grade Level(s):3-12
Curricular Area(s):All
Description:
Resources (Files, Websites,
etc.):
Title: Inspiration Software Inc.
Grade Level(s):k-12
Curricular
Area(s):All
Description:
Resources (Files, Websites,
etc.):
Title: Movie
Editing
Grade Level(s):Jr-Sr High
Curricular Area(s):Language Arts, Science, Art
Description:
Resources (Files, Websites,
etc.):
Title: Graphics
Applications
Grade Level(s):k-12
Curricular Area(s):Language Arts, Science, Art
Description:
Resources (Files, Websites,
etc.):
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