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Setting Objectives and Providing Feedback

from Classroom Instruction that Works Robert J. Marzano, Debra, J . Pickering, Jane E. Pollock, MCREL, 2001.


Summary of Research on Setting Objectives

  • Instructional goals/objectives narrow what students focus on.
  • Instructional goals/objectives should not be too specific.
  • Students should be encouraged to perosnalize the teacher's goals.

Classroom Practice in Setting Objectives
  • Goals should be general enough to provide students some flexibility.
  • Contracts with students provide them with a great deal of control over their learning.
Summary of Research on Providing Feedback
  • Feedback should be "corrective" in nature by explaiing to students what they are doing correctly and incorrectly.
  • Feedback should be timely.
  • Feedback should be specific to a criterion.
  • Students can effectively provide some of their own feedback.


Classroom Practice in Providing Feedback

  • Criterion-reference feedback is superior to norm-referenced feedback.
  • Focus feedback on specific types of knowledge and skill.
  • Student-led feedback has many desirable effects.

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